Biological classification

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Biological classification

  • Topics
  • Introduction
  • 2-kingdom classification
  • whittaker 5-kingdom classification
  • kingdom monera 

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria
Mycoplasma
  • kingdom protista
chrosophytes
Dianoflagellates
Euglenoids
Slime moulds
Protozoans
  • Kingdom fungi
Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
  • Viruses,viroids &lichens

Introduction

  • classification of living organism
classifying living organism into groups based on their certain  set of characteristics
(characteristics is a feature or a quality belonging to a particular  organism)


Aristotle's attempt to classify living organism.

He classified organisms based on habitats
  • Land (terrestrial) -cat, dogs,human beings
  • water(aquatic )-fish,shark,octopus
  • Air(aerial )-bat,crow etc.
He classified plants also;
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees

But then this type of classification is not very effective,because it was seen that even though there were several  animals falling under the category of terrestrial animals but all of them are very different from one another.

2- kingdom classification

Carl linnaeus introduced a two kingdom classification ;
Plantae-all kinds of plants
Animalia-all kinds of animals

Basically he thought plantae are immobile and they prepare there own food while animalia are mobile (locomotion) and they do not prepare there own food.

Limitations- he did not given distinction between ;

Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes
Unicellular & Multicellular
Photosynthetic & Non-photosynthetic

Many organisms did not belong to any of the two kingdom like bacteria, fungi, viruses etc


Whittaker's classification of life forms

Robert whittaker classified organisms on the basis of cell structure, body organisation, mode and source of nutrition.

All living organisms were broadly classified into 5 groups termed as kingdom;
  • Monera
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
  • Protista
  • Plantae

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