Bryophyta ( Mosses:- structure,life cycle , Mosses vs leafy liverworts )

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Bryophyta 


Mosses 

Characteristics:- 

  • They mostly prefer moist and shady habitats
  • Their plant body is simple: They don't produce their own seeds or flowers, They have simple leaves which is covered with thin stems, They have root-like structures, Rhizoids 
  • Like liverworts, the gametophyte is the predominant stage in the life cycle of mosses
  • Gametophyte:- it consists of 2 stages
    Protenema
    It develops from a spore, They are green, creeping and branched structure

    Leafy stage (final gametophyte) 
    It develops from secondary protonema, They have an upright axis with spirally arranged leaves 
  • Examples;- Funaria, Sphagnum, Common hair cap moss 
Reproduction:-
  • Asexual reproduction
    Fragmentation:- Stems, leaves from the moss accidentally broken off can regenerate to form a new plant.
    Budding:- New individual is formed as an outgrowth  of the parent, Daughter separates away and parent continues to exist 
  • Sexual reproduction
    -They resemble leafy liverworts
    -Female and male sex  organs are at the apex of  the shoots
    -The sporophyte is more elaborate in mosses than that in liverworts 

Difference between Mosses and leafy liverworts 
leafy liverworts 

  • Leafy liverworts have oils present in their cells while mosses do not have oil bodies 
  • Lobes are present  in the leaves of leafy liverworts which is absent in mosses
  • Leaves are arranged in two or three rows while leaves are spirally arranged in mosses.

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