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Thallophyta ( plant kingdom ) , plantae: classification

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Thallophyta These are the plants with no body differentiation They do have a specific root, stem, leaves so they do not have specific differentiation   They prefer aquatic habitats examples :-green algae In thallophyta they have a hidden reproductive system -cryptogamae Algae They are autotrophic  Habitat :- Mostly aquatic (freshwater/ marine )  , found in most soil/ wood  Structure :- It can be unicellular,colonial, filamanteous  Examples :-volvox ( colonial ), Chlamydomonas (unicellular ), Ulothrix (filamenteous ), Spirogyra ( filamenteous ), Ulva, Cladophora (branched filaments) it is also known as river weed Algae reproduction  Asexual reproduction :- Fragmentation Parent organism will break into new pieces or multiple pieces on maturity, each of which give rise to a new individual. Example :- spirogyra when it  becomes matures it breaks into new pieces and each of these pieces are able to give rise to a ne...
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Monera reproduction

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Monera reproduction Asexual mode Sexual mode Asexual mode of reproduction Monera reproduces mostly through asexual mode of reproduction by fission, spore formation etc. Sexual mode of reproduction
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Bryophyta ( Mosses:- structure,life cycle , Mosses vs leafy liverworts )

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Bryophyta  Mosses  Characteristics:-  They mostly prefer moist and shady habitats Their plant body is simple: They don't produce their own seeds or flowers, They have simple leaves which is covered with thin stems, They have root-like structures, Rhizoids  Like liverworts, the gametophyte is the predominant stage in the life cycle of mosses Gametophyte:- it consists of 2 stages Protenema It develops from a spore, They are green, creeping and branched structure Leafy stage (final gametophyte)  It develops from secondary protonema, They have an upright axis with spirally arranged leaves  Examples;- Funaria, Sphagnum, Common hair cap moss  Reproduction:- Asexual reproduction Fragmentation:- Stems, leaves from the moss accidentally broken off can regenerate to form a new plant. Budding:- New individual is formed as an outgrowth  of the parent, Daughter separates away and parent continues to exist  Sexual reproducti...
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